Margaret Hamilton (* 17. srpna 1936 Paoli) je americk softwarov inenrka a podnikatelka. In that role, she took the lead on the software used to govern the flight dynamics of the Apollo spacecraft, which were used for six landing missions between 1969 and 1972. It turned out that the astronaut checklist, which governed the actions the crew had to do before landing, had the crew set the rendezvous radar hardware switch in the wrong position. She grew up during a time when very few women studied computer science, but Hamilton knew she wanted to write code. There was no second chance. A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. Join our Space Forums to keep talking space on the latest missions, night sky and more! [50], Hamilton was the CEO of HOS through 1984[20] and left the company in 1985. She is from USA. But opting out of some of these cookies may affect your browsing experience. The meaning of those almost mysterious codes was available to very few. UConnToday, 23 April 2013. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. At MIT, Margaret Hamilton was on the staff of the Draper Laboratory, founded in 1932 by Dr. Charles Stark Draper. We recommend you to check the complete list of Famous People born on 9 December. She portrayed the sister of Witchiepoo from H.R. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. In 1986 Margaret founded the company Hamilton Technologies in Cambridge, Massachusetts. American software engineer and businesswoman, American computer programmer, businessman, and philanthropist. Her solution: when you see a priority display, first count to Other uncategorized cookies are those that are being analyzed and have not been classified into a category as yet. She became very concerned about the role's effect on children, and finally did a guest spot on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood (1968) to explain that the Witch was just a character in the film, and not herself. By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. Daneman's nephew refused to meet Hamilton because even though he understood she was an actress, he thought it was still possible she really was like the character in the movie. Everything was done based on codes, so that they did not occupy too much space in the small memories of the computers, which were NOT made of silicon, but were housed in iron cores. (Image credit: The White House via collectSPACE.com). [13] Hamilton continued acting regularly until 1982; her last roles were two guest appearances as veteran journalist Thea Taft (in 1979 and 1982) on Lou Grant. [22][16] Another part of her team designed and developed the systems software. five.[28]. Margaret Hamilton was born Margaret Heafield on August 17, 1936 in Paoli, Indiana. Planetary science is a global profession. For her work, she was honored with the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2016. They like to hear it but they 'don't' like to hear it. By 1968, she was in charge of all Command Module software, which was all the software for navigation and lunar landing guidance. Margaret Hamilton, ne Margaret Heafield, (born August 17, 1936, Paoli, Indiana, U.S.), American computer scientist who was one of the first computer software programmers; she created the term software engineer to describe her work. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.[1]. Required fields are marked *. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA 's Apollo program. Starred in the live on-stage musical "A Little Night Music" (with actress Jean Simmons in the lead role) during the mid-1970s in San Francisco. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. In the early 1960s Hamilton joined MITs Lincoln Laboratory, where she was involved in the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) project, the first U.S. air defense system. It meant that if Aldrin, say, hit a button on the priority display too quickly, he might still get a "normal" response. Related: Apollo Coder and 'Apollo 13' Actor Receive Presidential Medals of Freedom, SpaceX scrubs Crew-6 astronaut launch due to ignition-fluid issue, Experience SpaceX's Crew-6 astronaut mission with these amazing photos, DNA from 4 American presidents will launch to deep space, Asteroid Ryugu is rich in organic molecules that can be building blocks of life, On This Day In Space: Feb. 26, 1966: 1st launch of Saturn 1B rocket, Your monthly guide to stargazing & space science, Subscribe today and save an extra 5% with code 'LOVE5', Issues delivered straight to your door or device. That has been my favorite book since I was four.' The picture made a terrible impression of some kind on them, sometimes a ghastly impression, but most of them got over it, I guess because when I talk like the Witch, and when I laugh, there is a hesitation and then they clap. [11], In Boston, Hamilton initially intended to enroll in graduate study in abstract mathematics at Brandeis University. Margaret Hamilton (Margaret Brainard Hamilton) was born on 9 December, 1902 in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, is an Actress, Soundtrack. We had to find a way and we did. Snyder, Lawrence and Henry, Ray Laura, "Fluency7 with Information Technology", Pearson, M. Hamilton, S. Zeldin (1976) "Higher order softwareA methodology for defining software". Because software was a mystery, a black box, upper management gave us total freedom and trust. In the episode, entitled "Triptych for a Witch," Hamilton played the title role. At 83 years old, Margaret Hamilton height ", is co-written with astronaut Dave Williams. Mutual respect was across the board. and they continued. By continuing to use the site, you agree to the use of cookies. She helped write the computer code for the command and lunar modules used on the Apollo missions to the Moon in the late 1960s and early 70s. Played Aunt Eva on the radio series Ethel and Albert in the 1940s and 1950s . [20][41] They created a product called USE.IT, based on the HOS methodology they developed at MIT. In the 1960s, Hamilton was a regular on another CBS soap opera, The Secret Storm, playing the role of Grace Tyrell's housekeeper, Katie. [3], Hamilton made her screen debut in the MGM film Another Language (1933) starring Helen Hayes and Robert Montgomery. [17], Hamilton's early experience as a teacher fueled a lifelong interest in educational issues. In the 1940s and 1950s, Hamilton had a long-running role on the radio series Ethel and Albert (or The Couple Next Door) in which she played the lovable, scattered Aunt Eva (name later changed to Aunt Effie). They're really scared for a second. Her name was clearly visible when the entire Apollo 11 source code was released on GitHub in 2016; according to MIT, the first full line of the software read, "SUBMITTED: MARGARET H. HAMILTON DATE: 28 MAR 69 / M.H.HAMILTON, COLOSSUS PROGRAMMING LEADER / APOLLO GUIDANCE AND NAVIGATION.". We had to find a way and we did. "[13] She appeared as herself in three episodes of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, between 1975 and 1976, because Fred Rogers wanted his viewers to recognize the Wicked Witch was just a character and not something to be afraid of. It is ironic that her performance as the Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939) was so scary to children, because her first job was as a kindergarten teacher. The solution came from a young Margaret who assured the Mission Director that she could safely ignore the two error messages. In addition to requiring a deep understanding of computers, it was not easy to write just over 400,000 lines of code that were inserted into the operating system of the lunar module in the Apollo missions. She subsequently directed and supervised the developments of the Skylab space station mission. Cleveland Plain Dealer, September 1958. Three minutes before the lunar lander reached the Moon's surface, several computer alarms were triggered. It was intended to guide the spacecraft once they had achieved Earth orbit. Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American movie actress. Your email address will not be published. Margaret Hamiltons income source is mostly from being a successful Actress. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The contract was awarded just weeks before then-President John F. Kennedy announced that he planned to have humans on the moon by the end of the decade. [1] Her remains were cremated at Poughkeepsie Rural Cemetery, and her ashes were scattered in Amenia, New York.[20]. Houston! Zack, Suzanne. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Contrary to her character, one of the top villains in movie . [1], On November 22, 2016, Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from president Barack Obama for her work leading to the development of on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo Moon missions. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actress in . It does not store any personal data. "Deeply Integrated Guidance Navigation Unit (DI-GNU) Common Software Architecture Principles". Hamilton led the software engineering division at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Instrumentation Laboratory. In 1976, Hamilton co-founded with Saydean Zeldin a company called Higher Order Software (HOS)[40] to further develop ideas about error prevention and fault tolerance emerging from their experience at MIT working on the Apollo program. "The NASA Heritage of Creativity." [16] She moved on to another project in the summer of 1961, and hired and trained Ellen Fetter as her replacement.[12]. She subsequently developed Alzheimer's disease and died in her sleep following a heart attack on May 16, 1985 in Salisbury, Connecticut at the age of 82. ", Hamilton later left MIT to start her own software company, but her name is still most recognized for her lunar landing accomplishments. [36], When Hamilton started using the term "software engineering" during the early Apollo missions,[57] software development was not taken seriously compared to other engineering,[58] nor was it regarded as a science. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". [81][80] She briefly taught high school mathematics and French at a public school in Boston, Indiana. Miss Hamilton Sings 1840 Song at Play House", "Wicked Witch of the West not always a fright sight", "Wizard of Oz 'witch' loved her Maine island", "Actress Margaret Hamilton, the Wicked Witch of the West", Margaret Hamilton correspondence and ephemera, 1944-1979, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hamilton_(actress)&oldid=1138589927, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2022, Vague or ambiguous geographic scope from March 2014, Internet Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Internet Off-Broadway Database person ID same as Wikidata, Turner Classic Movies person ID different from Wikidata, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Epiisode: "An Eye for an Eye" (S 2:Ep 35), Episode: "Bilko Enters Politics" (S 2:Ep 20), This page was last edited on 10 February 2023, at 13:49. Hamilton was initially hired as a programmer for this process but moved on into systems design. Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio and practiced her craft doing children's theater while she was a Junior League of Cleveland member. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Biography of Margaret Hamilton, American scientist, notable computer scientist who worked at NASA in support of Apollo missions. Discover today's celebrity birthdays and explore famous people who share your birthday. City Without Men. Mutual respect was across the board.