what does aft stand for in police

However, police scholars have criticized . Sign up for our weekly newsletters and get: By signing in, you agree to our Terms and Conditions The SID (System Identification Number) is a 15 bit number (0-32,767) transmitted by base stations that identifies a wireless system that conforms to a TIA cellular or PCS standard. The research I have done states it originated in England as it referred to the felt covering on the helmet worn by members of the Metropolitan Police Service. Stern: The stern is located at the back end of the ship, opposite from the bow. If you continue to use this site we will assume that you are happy with it. And whats wedged in between the forward and the aft of a ship is commonly dubbed midship. Rate it: POLICE. SID (Security Identifier) is a unique identifier that Active Directory uses to identify objects as security principal. The AFT, like most public-sector unions, is a major player in liberal policy and Democratic Party politics. Its meaning can be literal or it can simply indicate that you arent online. R&P. AFT Americans for Fair Taxation Organization AFT stands for Americans for Fair Taxation NGO, located in Austin, United States. Joining the Los Angeles Police Department is a noble decision and great career move. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives (known as ATF or ATFE) was created to protect the citizens of the United States from: Criminal organizations The illegal use and trafficking of firearms The illegal diversion of alcohol and tobacco products Acts of arson and bombings The illegal use and storage of explosives FIND SCHOOLS What's in Them? Beaters: Hands. ATF is an acronym standing for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, a United States law enforcement agency. Forward: Forward on a ship means toward the direction of the bow. A written statement of facts confirmed by the oath of the party making it, before a notary or officer having authority to administer oaths. what does aft stand for in police. Bosch arranged to have her released. This acronym/slang usually belongs to Governmental & Military category. Get the top AFT abbreviation related to Aviation. The call in the letter to end a program that provides local police with surplus military supplies comes a day after Sen. Brian Schatz, D-Hawaii, also called for its abolition. ATF is an acronym standing for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, a United States law enforcement agency. Although it may seem counterintuitive, if youre worried about seasickness on a cruise, book a stateroom with a window or a veranda. stop/leave stand mv inter/cah: 4566: i: fail maintain lane control: 4567: i: twin trailer non-designate rte: 4568: i: . At this time she was pregnant but did not inform Bosch. It may have no special connotation for police departments in other cities, but in New York City, forthwith is a code for emergency and means hurry up or need backup.. Codes are numerical abbreviations that can allow help to arrive faster by indicating the type of emergency. A Sheriff is generally (but not always) the highest, usually elected, law-enforcement officer of a county. Film and Television Institute (various locations). Especially of sails set on the lengthwise line of the vessel (1820), or of vessels so rigged. What does SSD stand for in special education? "Cop" as a slang term for "police officer" is neither a shortening of "constable on patrol" nor of "citizen on patrol." We've said it before, but it bears saying again: only a few common English. What does ATF stand for police? Although the FBI does publish a standard list, many abbreviations are the result of local court "ingenuity." This list of offense abbreviations should not be considered to be all-inclusive nor is it intended to constitute legal advice. He was then able to determine that Roman was the killer of his mother. And starboard is the corresponding word for the right side of a boat. Police Abbreviations for Accidents and Traffic Stops Things like directions, injury assessments, and motor vehicle documents all have abbreviations so officers can quickly share information about traffic stops and accidents. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is the federal agency primarily responsible for administering and enforcing the criminal and regulatory provisions of the federal laws pertaining to destructive devices (bombs), explosives, and arson. You can check out codes used by your local law enforcement agency by checking out their website or visiting in person. I want to receive exclusive email updates from YourDictionary. At both ends of a vessel. POLICE. Sailors began calling the right side the steering side, which soon became starboard by combining two Old English words: stor (meaning steer) and bord (meaning the side of a boat). The union is a member of the AFL-CIO.. Police are often also entrusted with various licensing and regulatory activities. What does the ATF do? Just like anyone else, police often come up with slang words and other terms that cover common situations they encounter. The first batch of ambulances (or possibly the first several) were bought from the same vendor that sold NYC their school buses and metro buses. Education Beat: How Journalists Can Strengthen Coverage of Teachers and Learning, Todays Teachers Are Deeply Disillusioned, Survey Data Confirms. Congress. How to Find a Users SID With WMIC Open Command Prompt. The Scientific Investigation Division (SID) of the Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) is responsible for collecting evidence at crime scenes or from suspects and victims, and later processing it at the Regional Crime Laboratory. The SID (Security IDentifier) is a unique ID number that a computer or domain controller uses to identify you. 0000000016 00000 n The most desirable location is a mid-ship stateroom, or if not available, a stateroom towards the back (aft) of the ship. Specialized police units and task force are more commonly known by their acronyms. Rear is also used with the same meaning. 2023 LoveToKnow Media. All rights reserved. 3 : extreme frightful thirst. What Is Critical Race Theory, and Why Is It Under Attack? 0000002356 00000 n What does AFT mean? What does AFT stand for in Aviation? what does aft stand for in police. The definition of fore and aft is an expression that means backwards and forwards. Four different kinds of cryptocurrencies you should know. Andrew Ujifusa was an assistant editor who covers national education policy and politics. A - Adult AC - Aircraft Crash BLK - Block E-B - Eastbound ETA - Estimated Time of Arrival INJ - Injury I/S - Intersection When the trustee is a company, inserting the ACN is also recommended for identification purposes. The rear of a ship, at the direction of a ship's stern, is called the aft. As sworn law enforcement officers, special agents are authorized to carry weapons and make arrests for federal offenses against the United States. The word ten tells police that the next number or set of numbers is a code for something. ATF is a law enforcement agency in the United States Department of Justice that protects our communities from violent criminals, criminal organizations, the illegal use and trafficking of firearms, the illegal use and storage of explosives, acts of arson and bombings, acts of terrorism, and the illegal diversion of . ambulance, fire equipment, police, etc.) As we wrote Monday, this programknown as 1033has led to equipment such as grenade launchers and Mine-Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicles ending up with police who work in schools. 2 : startling especially in being bad or objectionable a frightful novel. The ATF is focused on investigating alleged violations of federal firearms laws. I believe both hospital and police are to blame here :/. The 2* on the front of this shirt represents both the handler and his/her companion and the risks they both share in the face of danger. Old English ftan from behind, behind, farthest back, superlative of Old English f, af, of away, away from, off (from PIE root *apo- off, away). ATF also strives to increase State and local awareness of available Federal prosecution under these statutes. What is Sid police term? left. Sarahbeth Maney/The New York Times via AP. Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the unexplained death, usually during sleep, of a seemingly healthy baby less than a year old. Type the following command into Command Prompt exactly as its shown here, including spaces or lack thereof: wmic useraccount get name,sid. The STANDS4 Network. In the practice of the appellate courts, the decree or order is declared valid and will stand as rendered in the lower court. what does the bible say about being disinherited; patent attorney trainee; osrs plank sack worth it; examples of sincerely held religious belief covid vaccine; joe mclemore obituary detroit, michigan. The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) is the federal agency primarily responsible for administering and enforcing the criminal and regulatory provisions of the federal laws pertaining to destructive devices (bombs), explosives, and arson. old bedworth pubs; nars . Sarah Huckabee Sanders answers a question while taking part in a panel discussion during a Republican Governors Association conference, Wednesday, Nov. 16, 2022, in Orlando, Fla. Huckabee Sanders is hoping to increase starting teacher salaries to $50,000 under her new plan Arkansas LEARNS. %PDF-1.4 % Standard instrument departure (SID) routes, also known as departure procedures (DP), are published flight procedures followed by aircraft on an IFR flight plan immediately after takeoff from an airport. Police acronyms and abbreviations in English used in the United States of America cover everything from everyday events to extreme emergencies. Here are a few of the more common criminal charges that you might see on a rap sheet. It contrasts with forward. The fore-and-aft sail, now usually triangular, is set completely aft of a mast or stay, parallel to the ships keel, and takes the wind on either side. But you can often find other patches of bargain sailings, especially during the early weeks of December and in the spring. What is a aft of a ship? We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Protesters gather for the March For Our Lives rally in Detroit, among the demonstrations against gun violence held on the heels of recent mass shootings in Buffalo, N.Y., and Uvalde, Texas. The system, available in both English and Spanish, is key in generating investigative leads to help solve violent crimes across the country. The lid holder is helpful when cooking pasta or other foods that usually have an easy time spilling over while boiling. The source image receptor distance (SID), is the distance of the tube from the image receptor, affecting magnification. The AFT is an affiliated union of the AFL-CIO, and so is the International Union of Police Associations. The free drinks on your Royal Caribbean cruise include: We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. Public Officers of Law,Intelligence,Crime and Emergency. what does aft stand for in police. Photo: Motorists are ordered to the ground from their vehicle by police during a protest on South Washington Street on May 31 in Minneapolis. Hospital called policed on lady who have medical problem. 3 : in or at the front and back or the beginning and end. The direction against the aircraft movement. Get the latest education news delivered to your inbox daily. Directors typically oversee the development of internal and external media, including online portals for fan engagement. It is maintained in every Active Directory Domain and is never re-used. The jury reached a guilty verdict on Thursday. NCIC - National Criminal Information Center, 10-13 - Advise weather and road conditions, 10-14 - Prowler report; Convoy or escort detail, 10-15 - Civil disturbance; Prisoner in custody, 10-22 - Cancel last message; Investigate a break-in, 10-26 - Detaining a suspect; ETA (estimated time of arrival); Larceny, 10-27 - Drivers licence/permit/registration information; Rape report, 10-63 - Prepare to make a written copy or receive assistance, 10-75 - In contact with; Wanted or stolen. 2023 Editorial Projects in Education, Inc. Prohibit all maneuvers that restrict the flow of blood or oxygen to the brain, including neck holds, chokeholds, and similar excessive force, deeming the use of such force a federal civil rights violation., Prohibit racial profiling, and require robust data collection on police-community encounters and law enforcement activities. Over nearly 40 years, ATF has developed scientifically proven investigative capabilities, expertise, and resources they have positioned ATF as the nations primary source for explosives and fire investigative knowledge and assistance. I love to write and share science related Stuff Here on my Website. As of December 2019, ATF has 1,714 special agents stationed across 25 field divisions, hundreds of field and satellite offices, and overseas posts. Understanding cop lingo, or police jargon, can help you learn how to talk like a real cop. The SID is used by mobiles to recognize the type of system they are accessing (e.g. The fuzz was a derogatory slang term for police officers used in the late 60s/early 70s, popular among hippies. Most often asked questions related to bitcoin! juices (at breakfast and not fresh squeezed). Aviation AFT abbreviation meaning defined here. pinsent masons chambers student . You will feel any sway of the ship less in this section. juni 14, 2022; Posted by tui name change lead passenger; 14 . While Bosch investigated the racially charged murder of civil rights attorney Howard Elias, Eleanor took the opportunity to leave Los Angeles and return to Las Vegas, ending her marriage to Bosch. Login . final four 2022 euroleague tickets. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! Education Week reporters keep watch on education policy and politics in the nations capital and in the states. Home | About | Contact | Copyright | Report Content | Privacy | Cookie Policy | Terms & Conditions | Sitemap. Affirmed. You should see a table displayed in Command Prompt. Fore-and-aft sail, one of the two basic types of sailing rig, the other being the square sail. A Forgotten Tragedy (alternative band) showing only Slang/Internet Slang definitions ( show all 49 definitions) Note: We have 182 other definitions for AFT in our Acronym Attic. 0000000967 00000 n Do Men Still Wear Button Holes At Weddings? Stern : Rear of a boat. ATF operates a unique fire research laboratory in Beltsville, Maryland, where full-scale mock-ups of criminal arson can be reconstructed. 0000001827 00000 n 0000007474 00000 n Most common AFT abbreviation full forms updated in January 2023 Felonies include crimes such as murder, theft, burglary, serious drug possession and or distribution, rape, robbery assaults and kidnapping. ATF is an acronym standing for the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms, a United States law enforcement agency. Teacher Phil Yordy, left, works with freshman Derek Shallow, 15, right, during an after school mentoring program at Oregon High School in Oregon, Ill., in February. What does AFT abbreviation stand for? https://acronyms.thefreedictionary.com/AFT, Vice Admiral Bimal Verma had on Monday moved the, Of examined 100 (including both typical and atypical) cervical vertebrae, 20 vertebrae have shown the presence of, Lachica said the Philippine industry has the capability and can create synergies with what the, In the investigation of a CROR, the grid generation approach placed primary emphasis on the adequate resolution of the flow phenomena that played a significant role in the interactions between the front and, The Y20-S7 specimen presented intensive diffraction peak of, We also know a lighter airplane performs better than a heavy one, and that weight concentrated near the fore or, Dictionary, Encyclopedia and Thesaurus - The Free Dictionary, the webmaster's page for free fun content, Vice Admiral Bimal Verma withdraws petition from tribunal, A study of presence of accessory foramina transversaria in dry human cervical vertebrae of South Indian origin, French National Day party in Taipei kicks off July 14, Electronics industry sees IOT as big driver to hit $50-billion export target, Autologous Fat Transfer Effective for Facial Reconstruction; AFT for soft-tissue deformities in head, neck linked to high satisfaction, low complication rate, CFD Analysis of Contrarotating Open Rotor Aerodynamic Interactions, EFTA and AFT Announce Partnership Benefiting Members, The Performance and Mechanism Analysis of Cement Pastes Added to Aluminum Sulfate-Based Low-Alkali Setting Accelerator. F.A.L.S stands for Functional Academic Learning Support. How many solutions does Peg Solitaire have? Subscribe to receive news and update from the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. BIP | Behavioral Intervention Plan. Learn about ATF Special Response Teams. (There are . 73 0 obj<>stream what does aft stand for in police. AFT Asha Foundation, The Organization NGO Asha Foundation, The may be abbreviated as AFT which is located in Harrow on the Hill, United States. It is not written by and does not necessarily reflect the views of Education Week's editorial staff. The ATF also regulates, via licensing, the sale, possession, and transportation of firearms, ammunition, and explosives in interstate commerce. AFT and NEA Join Push for National Overhaul of Police Practices, who disproportionately arrest black students, have expressed unease about police unions, end its affiliation with the police union, ending up with police who work in schools, What Educators Need to Know About Senators' Bipartisan Deal on Guns, School Safety, Lawmakers, Education Secretary Clash Over Charter School Rules, 7 Takeaways for Educators From Biden's State of the Union. The six-week trial came to a close with a speedy verdict on Thursday. Which organisms are the pelagic organisms? px6 rk3399 recovery mode buena vista funeral home brownsville obituaries ohrid population 2021. what does aft stand for in police. new search. AFK means away from keyboard in typing shorthand. DA - Drug abuse. And what's wedged in between the forward and the aft of a ship is commonly dubbed midship. What We Do ATF's responsibilities include the investigation and prevention of federal offenses involving the unlawful use, manufacture, and possession of firearms and explosives; acts of arson and bombings; and illegal trafficking of alcohol and tobacco products. BOLO: Be on the look out - this term often leads information bulletins to law enforcement officers to try and locate a person or item of property. AFK is a helpful phrase for communal online spaces, when you want a quick way to communicate that youre stepping away. Starboard : Right side of a boat. We rate the claim that dialing *#21# on an iPhone or Android device reveals if a phone has been tapped FALSE because it is not supported by our research. The significant role played by bitcoin for businesses! The name Paul Vallas shot to the top of headlines during Chicago's tight race for mayor Tuesday, becoming the first name projected to make it to a runoff election in April, but who is he and . Buster Murdaugh puts his head in his hands as his father is found guilty - while killer's sister Lynn sits impassively. Its meaning can be literal or it can simply indicate that you arent online. On the internet it is used for all time favorite. Their work includes search and arrest warrants, high-risk criminal investigations, undercover operations, surveillance operations, and protective service operations. Moreover, cabins towards the middle of the ship have the reputation of providing a smoother ride when the ocean is rough. Trustee For Understanding trust jargon As Trustee For (ATF): this is a legal term meaning that the asset is owned by one entity as trustee for another or that the entity is acting as trustee. josh brener commercial. In the context of the Microsoft Windows NT line of computer operating systems, the relative identifier (RID) is a variable length number that is assigned to objects at creation and becomes part of the objects Security Identifier (SID) that uniquely identifies an account or group within a domain. Among other demands, the letter says that new legislation in Congress should: This article has been corrected to reflect the date the letter was sent by groups to Congress. Don't wear flip flops, sleeveless shirts (for men), cut-off jeans, T-shirts or gym shorts. 0000000887 00000 n What are the examples of pelagic organisms? -sid-, root. Elections. Take your police lingo education a step further and learn slang words for police or research law enforcement abbreviations like police abbreviations in the U.K. (United Kingdom). In testimony that stretched across two days, he denied hurting his wife and son but did admit to lying during . a dog trained to work with policemen (in tracking criminals, finding drugs etc). When looking forward, toward the bow of a ship, port and starboard refer to the left and right sides, respectively. Definition of fore and aft (Entry 2 of 2) 1 : lengthwise of a ship : from stem to stern. I wanted to know what y'all thought of this situation. what does aft stand for in police. %%EOF You can email the site owner to let them know you were blocked. Federal statutory reforms are urgently needed on a range of policing issues, including use of force, police accountability, racial profiling, militarization, data collection, and training.. June 22, 2022 . Rhythm & Police (Dance Dance Revolution) R&P. Which Teeth Are Normally Considered Anodontia. Famed in the Michael Connelly novels, LAPD detective Harry Bosch lives in a house on Woodrow Wilson Drive, in the Hollywood Hills Abandon the that ridiculous idea of the condo, The Box with neighbors and noise that will drive you insane. What number do you call to see if your phone is tapped? Can you wear flip flops to dinner on a cruise? McVeigh's criterion for attack sites was that the target should house at least two of three federal law enforcement agencies: the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (ATF), the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), and the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA). These leads help law enforcement agencies quickly identify potential firearm traffickers and suspects in The perils of forward CG: loading your airplane with a forward center of gravity has implications on wing loading, lift and induced drag. The greater the SID, the less magnification the image will suffer. 58 0 obj <> endobj What does aft stand for in police? ESSA. Graduated from ENSAT (national agronomic school of Toulouse) in plant sciences in 2018, I pursued a CIFRE doctorate under contract with SunAgri and INRAE in Avignon between 2019 and 2022. Learn more about ATF and our role with alcohol and tobacco. Aft: Aft on a ship means toward the direction of the stern. 0000013329 00000 n The American Federation of Teachers (AFT) is the second-largest teachers' union in the United States. If you are selected for the LAPD, you will be sent to the world famous LAPD Academy for six months of training. In Old English, the term was bcbord (in modern German Backbord and French bbord). SID = identifies the database instance (database name + instance number). R&P. - Get the ambulance here fast. Now lets learn the words for the front, rear, left and right sides of the boat. Not a Single State Meets the Bar, How One School's Mentorship Program Paid Off Big in Academic Gains. 0000000616 00000 n AFT. Supporters of the overhaul have dismissed mass protests and calls to freeze the legislative drive. It's a site that collects all the most frequently asked questions and answers, so you don't have to spend hours on searching anywhere else. Governmental Police. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. The extent to which teachers unions cultivate an alliance with police unions on certain labor issues, but differ with them on other political issues, has been an interesting one for some time. AFT. dwlr aft impaired rev notice: 4705: t: fta 2 yr aft imp-consent off: 4706: f: repeat . For mathematicians, 12 is a composite number or the product of two or more . Related words: TSA. Port : Left side of a boat. Chiefs of Police usually are municipal employees who owe their allegiance to a city. Big key: Battering ram, used to break down doors during high-risk warrant service. and The rear of a ship, at the direction of a ships stern, is called the aft. Those backing the package of bills making up the plan say it is necessary to "rebalance . This means that while they are eager to get you to book a massage at the spa, or purchase a fancy bottle of wine with dinner, they never accept cash for any of these purchases. If you want to attend a cruise elegant evening, bring a fancier, more formal outfit. Salaries of police officers were higher than those of sheriffs deputies, with these professionals earning a median wage of $61,050 a year in May 2017, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. AFT means American Federation of Teachers. Recruiting for technology reliant positions: can common personality inventories improve success? CONT DA - Controlled dangerous substance. 2 : in, at, or toward both the bow and stern. Flip flops and boat shoes are great daytime options for warm-weather cruises, but flip flops arent allowed in the main dining room or specialty restaurants for dinner. <<42DA742EBF190A4A9A25D79A9469B9C0>]>> This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. Four good reasons to indulge in cryptocurrency! The support by the AFT and NEA for radical changes to law enforcement and protections for police officers highlights divisions within the labor movement that could grow. N05: FTY ROW to funeral procession, procession or parade: N06: FTY ROW to other vehicle: N07: FTY ROW to overtaking vehicle: N08: FTY ROW to pedestrian (includes handicapped or blind) N09: FTY ROW to school bus: N20: FTY ROW at crosswalk: N21: FTY ROW at rotary: N22 . ATF uses these statutes to target, investigate and recommend prosecution of these offenders to reduce the level of violent crime and to enhance public safety. Please include what you were doing when this page came up and the Cloudflare Ray ID found at the bottom of this page. Data should capture all demographic categories and be disaggregated., Prohibit the use of no-knock warrants, especially for drug searches., End the qualified immunity doctrine which prevents police from being held legally accountable when they break the law.. CPCS - Criminal possession of a controlled substance. On another hand invisible but structural part of the ship consists of; bulkheads, frames, cargo holds, hopper tank, double bottom, girders, cofferdams, side shell, etc. The PSR is available in short or tall (5 inches to 9.4 inches or 6.2 inches to 12.6 inches) and either with or without quick-detach. Governmental Law & Legal. Balcony cabins are great for giving you that much needed bit of personal space when youre both in the room. Most people are familiar with simple 10 codes for police, like 10-4. Early voting for the upcoming Chicago municipal elections began on Thursday at the Loop "supersite", NBC 5's Kye Martin reports. Rank Abbr. Radio codes are extremely important when there is an emergency and time is of the essence. In some places the NATO phonetic alphabet is used. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. ABBREVIATIONS; ANAGRAMS; BIOGRAPHIES; CALCULATORS; CONVERSIONS; . Cruise ships now are entirely cashless. Quick Answer: What Do The Letters Gps Stand For, Quick Answer: What Does The Acronym Rice Stand For, Quick Answer: What Does The Acronym Awol Stand For, Quick Answer: What Is The Best Bicycle Work Stand, Quick Answer: What Is The Best Bike Trainer Stand. Meaning. She died inside police car. It has a swivel, with 30 degrees of cant or pan with fore and aft limiting bosses to keep the legs stable. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives. Many people in Atlanta refer to cops as 12 due to the police radio code 10-12, which means that civilians are present in the area where police are going. In 2016, however, at a rally of Chicago teachers, then-Chicago Teachers Union President Karen Lewis told the crowd, Cops are not our enemies. While starboard means to the right-hand side of the vessel, the left-hand side is now referred to as port though this wasnt always the case. Information and translations of AFT in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. If he wants to nap but youre wide awake, a balcony offers you a place to hang out without worrying if youre making too much noise or using too bright lights. "12" is a popular slang term for police officers most commonly used in southern states. 10-101 - Civil disturbance; Whats your status? arkansas governor's distinguished scholarship 2020 recipients. Learn more about ATF and arson. xb```f``$("{&:j2 UV!0h:@ RZf%LK@Ld1T`((5H0($\[x# Bg_3f`Xd[%4 D. what does aft stand for in police. About Freaking Time (polite form) AFT. The use of codes also keeps communication confidential when it comes over a two-way radio and the officer is in a public place. The lady said she can't move due to her medical problem. Arkansas Gov. How do I find my computer SID PowerShell? Whether you are watching police-themed television shows or listening to police calls on a scanner, it is obvious that abbreviations and codes are frequently used by the police and their dispatchers.