(LogOut/ Getting that right was harder than you would think with the limited means of getting the planes altitude and speed right and they would only have a few minutes at most to do so. A great little gun that packs 10+1 rounds of 9mm and features a 3.4" barrel - perfect for our carry gun test. fine for not having a boat licence qld; cherokee brick products While no one invention won the war, the proximity fuze must be listed among the very small group of developments, such as radar, upon which victory very largely depended. Wooden precise replica of the German 88mm anti-aircraft FlaK guns and Tiger-I ammunition - 8.8cm Sprgr.Patr. Incendiary projectiles, in particular those intended for armor penetration, are more effective if they explode after penetrating a surface layer, such that they explode inside the target. [57], The Pentagon refused to allow the Allied field artillery use of the fuzes in 1944, although the United States Navy fired proximity-fuzed anti-aircraft shells during the July 1943 invasion of Sicily. ARTICLES. When the distance between the fuze and the target changed rapidly, then the phase relationship also changed rapidly. Radio frequency sensing (radar) is the main sensing principle for artillery shells. Not surprised there is a lot of misinformation about the flak, is there is about how the bombing raids and their escorts worked. Why do I stay the same weight no matter what I do? Work on the radio shell fuze was completed by Tuve's group, known as Section T, at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Lab (APL). As early as September 1939, John Cockcroft began a development effort at Pye Ltd. to develop tubes capable of withstanding these much greater forces. The Japanese did not develop a robust AA defensive system. I would point to the Luftwaffe flak defenses of the Ruhr, their larger cities like Berlin and their oil refineries. This is the standard high-explosive type ordnance initially designed for the German 88mm FlaK cannons in the early period of WW2, and then successfully used by the later tank KwK.36 cannons too, in the period 1933-45. The designation VT means variable time. When the cell current changed a certain amount in a certain time interval, the detonation was triggered. There is a Luftwaffe flying eagle clutching a swastika in his talons at the top. How doesit compare with fighter interceptors for effectiveness? But an explosion ABOVE is often lethal since those kinds of cover don't have roofs. We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. It found use in both the Army and the Navy, and was employed in the defense of London. Click to subscribe! [9] Their system involved a small, short range, Doppler radar. Empyrion - Galactic Survival > General Discussions > Topic Details. [44] One tube was an oscillator connected to an antenna; it functioned as both a transmitter and an autodyne detector (receiver). Most Allied bombers and fighters were armoured against fighter attack, but not flak. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Physicorium: good all-rounder against unarmored targets, has almost twice the standard damage. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. [17], The fuze was later found to be able to detonate artillery shells in air bursts, greatly increasing their anti-personnel effects.[18]. What is the meaning of the word swappable? Feb 19, 2014 Jack Beckett, Guest Author. it's only used against airborne targets a cloud of tiny pellets "Shrapnel" shells, named for their inventor, are used to kill people with bits of metal even when those people are hiding behind walls, in a trench, etc. Ignition is often delayed by varying means until after impact. 14 December, 2014. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. It also left a characteristic black cloud hanging in the sky. [37] Other locations include Ft. Fisher in North Carolina and Blossom Point, Maryland. Weapons and Ammunition. AA guns are actually rather effective against soft ground targets, too. Actuation can be either through an electronic circuit coupled to a microphone, or hydrophone, or mechanically using a resonating vibratory reed connected to diaphragm tone filter. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. A simulated battle conditions test was started on 12 August 1942. Whats the difference back then to your description? The B Mark VI incendiary bullet was packed with nitrocellulose, and a small steel ball was placed in the tip of the bullet to ensure that the chemical exploded on impact. All of this in one go, it would not be possible to do it like it is shown ingame. Measures 1 13/16 X 2 9/16 inches. Proximity fuzes are also useful for producing air bursts against ground targets. Join in if you dare! They project narrow beams of laser light perpendicular to the flight of the missile. Contrary to popular belief, flak jackets are not interchangeable with bulletproof vests. There are three types of player-loadable ammunition in World of Warships: high explosive (HE), armor piercing (AP), and semi-armor piercing (SAP). Pre-order The Hush-Kit Book of Warplaneshere. Ammunition available: HE-T, HE-I, HEI-T, AP-T, Minengescho, Stielgranate Also eventually pulled in were researchers from the National Bureau of Standards (this research unit of NBS later became part of the Army Research Laboratory). Indeed, even before the kamikaze appeared the US Navy made major improvement to their ships AA defenses with better radar direction, improved AA directors and gunsights and most importantly, more guns. No wonder they abbreviated it.). Marines christened their new recruit "Reckless" for the work she would do in resupplying recoilless rifles, known as "reckless rifles" in Marine jargon. Proximity fusing is used on several types of ordinance to cause an airburst and greatly increase lethality against soft targets. How does flak work? So the changing phase relationship between the oscillator signal and the reflected signal complicated the measurement of the amplitude of that small reflected signal. Before then, they always return false. ", Oruzhiye Podvodnogo Udara (Underwater Weapons), "The Development of the Radio Proximity Fuze", Naval Historical Centre Radio Proximity (VT) Fuzes, The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proximity_fuze&oldid=1141413451, It was important in defense from Japanese, It was an important part of the radar-controlled anti-aircraft batteries that finally neutralized the German, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 23:27. The tweet exchange occurred on November 28 - December 4, 2014 and is below. Flak detonation clouds Early on during the war, two kinds of flak rounds were used. British military researchers at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) Samuel C. Curran, William A. S. Butement, Edward S. Shire, and Amherst F. H. Thomson conceived of the idea of a proximity fuze in the early stages of World War II. Speed was a factor, and most fighter pilots knew that when strafing a target you never made a second pass.. Follow up question, why do AA guns turn the sky red when theyre being fired? The Flak 88 was a legendary WWII-era anti-air and an anti-tank gun used by Nazi Germany and their allies.Jul 22, 2018, Four were the different FlaKs produced and improved from 1933 until the end of WWII, 8.8 cm. [citation needed] The British then adopted the simplified design as the Mk VII bullet. An example of flak is the exploding ammunition that can damage a military plane when flying over enemy territory. Prototype fuzes were then constructed in June 1940, and installed in "unrotated projectiles", the British cover name for solid-fueled rockets, and fired at targets supported by balloons. Rounds are shot into the air which then explode damaging aircraft with the explosion and shrapnel. [ 12 August 2002, 09:22 AM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 12 August 2002, 04:29 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], [ 13 August 2002, 12:48 PM: Message edited by: Martin Bull ], (You must log in or sign up to reply here. How many shells does a flak gun fire per minute? or 7k? By the summer of 1941 the Germans introduced their Wurzburg gun laying radar.. The huge flak towers Hitler had built got to actual military use finally. The old man was a Vietnam vet and happened to be a gunner of said Flak guns. ; "Precision Radar,", Smith, Peter C. Kamikaze: To Die for the Emperor. While it fits well into the Allied narrative of how the strategic bombing campaign robbed the German army of valuable munitions, it was only partially true. Viewed another way, the received signal frequency was Doppler-shifted from the oscillator frequency by the relative motion of the fuze and target. Flak guns were actually used against the Soviets in the defense of Berlin. Tanks and armor couldnt maneuver through the forest, and the Germans had secured all the roads. After the war, the British Bombing Survey Unit (BBSU) continued this line of thinking describing German AA defences as plentiful but not very lethal. At the same time the official RAF history of the air war estimated that German flak accounted for 37 percent of Bomber Commands losses between July 1942 and April 1945. From left to right: 90 mm shrapnel shell, 120 mm pig iron incendiary . Incendiary ammunition is a type of ammunition that contains a chemical that, upon hitting a hard obstacle, has the characteristic of causing fire/setting flammable materials in the vicinity of the impact on fire. e Weapons. Making the right shell for your gun's role and gauge can be difficult as the sheer number of options is staggering. The 3D kit is a Sondernhnger Sd. Answer (1 of 7): > how and why does a plane still go down if the flak missed? If you show up late for work for a third day, you'll probably take some flak from your coworkers they'll take verbal shots at you. Flak is defined as the bursting shells shot at aircraft from enemy guns on the ground, or criticism or opposition. The shell bursts at the appropriate height above ground. All of these earlier methods have disadvantages. (LogOut/ The one on your picture is either 2 or 3. Was armour speed a better defence from flak? Notes. This led me to thinking of how AA guns and defences played a role in the air war over Europe and the Pacific. It does not store any personal data. Before the invention of the proximity fuze, detonation was induced by direct contact, a timer set at launch, or an altimeter. ). [55], At first the fuzes were only used in situations where they could not be captured by the Germans. Use a gun. Coilguns shoot high velocity bolts that deal damage to anything they hit. In 1944 the number of 128mm rounds per aircraft shootdown was 3,000, less than one-fifth the number expended by its 88mm counterpart. 50 Rounds of 124gr MC 9mm Ammo by Remington. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". [9], Given their previous work on radio and radiosondes at NBS, Diamond and Hinman developed the first all solid-state[when? For sale: 88mm - $100,000 - $150,000. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. It was more of a gun-assisting radar with limited capabilities. So, why was the 8.8 FLAK in WW2 used by german troops against tanks? To shoot in flans mod you need your weapon and specific ammo (M249 SAW and M249 ammo) To load press R and the ammo should transfer to your gun. The first bomb in the stick was fitted with an impact fuze while the other bombs were fitted with pressure sensitive diaphragm actuated detonators. Automatic fuze setters were used as an 88 could fire 15-20 shells per minute and even the 128mm could manage 12 per minute. Vote! The probability of a direct hit on a small moving target is low; a shell that just misses the target will not explode. Although flak jackets offered some basic protection against small caliber bullets and shell fragments (which was valued by their users), ultimately they proved to be less effective than hoped. Thanks for reading my nosense about the flak cannon. A contact fuze would explode when it hit the ground; it would not be very effective at scattering shrapnel. Because that flak did not actually "miss." By means of its fuzing, it exploded close enough to the aircraft to send an unseen shower of a thousand metal fragments flying out of it and into the aircraft. A minor problem encountered by the British was that the fuze was sensitive enough to detonate the shell if it passed too close to a seabird and a number of seabird "kills" were recorded. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. At the beginning of the war, the first British gun-laying Mark I (GL I) radars entered service with several AA batteries. Flak as used in the second world war is a larger shell that when fired, travels to the target area and explodes within its In World War Ii How Did Flak Work? Work was split in 1942, with Tuve's group working on proximity fuzes for shells, while the National Bureau of Standards researchers focused on the technically easier task of bombs and rockets. SKU:CO5613468. It was first tested as a part of a detonation device for bombs that were to be dropped over bomber aircraft, part of the UK's Air Ministry's "bombs on bombers" concept. They lacked the guns, effective radar, and the cooperation between the Army and Navy was terrible. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. Though deadly, the effective range of these bullets was only 350 yards (320 m), as the phosphorus charge burned quickly. Many postwar histories accepted the testimony of leading figures within the Luftwaffe that ground based AA defences achieved limited success in destroying Allied bombers.Mar 25, 2021. This design was used in both the British No44 Pistol and the German Rheinmetall-Borsig BAZ 55A fuzes. Impact and timed rounds. When the Allies began to use the term is not known. The flammable hydrogen gas of the zeppelins made incendiary bullets much more deadly than standard ones which would pass through the outer skin without igniting the gas. A common form used in modern air-to-air weapons uses a laser as an optical source and time-of-flight for ranging.